THE NATIONAL RED LIST OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Hyphoderma etruriae

Hyphoderma etruriae

Macedonian

Етрурска коричка

Albanian

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Not evaluated Data deficient Least concern Near threatened Vulnerable Endangered CRITICALLY ENDANGERED Extinct in the wild Extinct
NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX
Taxonomy
Assessment info
Population
Habitat and Ecology
Threats
Use and Trade
Conservation Actions
Bibliography

Taxonomy

Scientific name

Hyphoderma etruriae

Authority

Bernicchia

Synonyms

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Assessment info

IUCN Red List Category and Criteria

Critically Endangered D

Date assessed

November 2020

Assessors

Karadelev, M.

Reviewers

Kost, G.

Ivančević, B.

Contributors

Rusevska, K.

Facilitators

Miskovic, M.

Justification

The species Hyphoderma etruriae occurs only in one location, in Greek juniper forest close to the Calakli village, situated in the south-eastern part of the country. This is a threatened area since there is mass exploitation of juniper trees by the inhabitants. They also burn branches for production of burnt lime. Fires during summer season pose another serious threat. The number of individuals in the population is two, on surface area of 760 ha. Because of strong anthropogenic pressure the population is under threat to habitat quality, area of occupancy, and number of mature individuals; hence, the risk of decline is high, which results in the species becoming critically endangered.

Population

Current population trend

Decreasing

Description

In N. Macedonia the population size is very small. During field research, precise data was established on the status of species population size in the specified site. The number of individuals in the population is two, on surface area of 760 ha. The potential distribution could be much broader considering the extent of occurrence of juniper shrubs; hence, also the estimated population of the fungal species.

Habitat and Ecology

System

3 Shrubland
3.8 Shrubland – Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation

Habitat and Ecology

Hyphoderma etruriae is a wood-inhabiting fungus requiring old shrubs of different Juniperus species; it grows in hollows caused by old wounds, on trunks and big branches. The fruitbody is fully resupinate, tightly attached to the substrate, effused, cream-coloured and forming thin patches several centimetres large. In Italy it has been collected on J. phoenicea, J. macrocarpa and J. turbinata on coastal dunes, at up to 200 m of altitude (Gorjon & Bernicchia, 2013). In N. Macedonia the species has been collected on rotten wood of Grecian juniper (Juniperus excelsa). Grecian juniper forests are considered a priority habitat in the Habitats Directive specified as: 9560 *Endemic forests with Juniperus spp. – Pal. 42.A3 – Grecian juniper woods (Juniperetum excelsae) – forest formations dominated by Juniperus excelsa. The forest consists purely of Grecian juniper trees, in some sections mixed with Quercus coccifera. The altitude of the locality where Hyphoderma etruriae has been collected is between 200 and 400 m.

Use and trade

Use and trade

There is no confirmed use and trade of this species in N. Macedonia.

Threats

Threats

Chalakli village near Valandovo is a threatened area since there is mass exploitation of juniper trees by the inhabitants. They also burn branches for production of burnt lime. Fires during summer season pose another serious threat. Intensive agriculture is a minor threat to biodiversity of juniper forests in this area. Sheep and goats grazing of low vegetation and young trees is an also a threat worth mentioning.

The low level of education and lack of knowledge resulting in low public awareness; the low economic status of the population, the consequence thereof being excessive exploitation of natural resources for gaining economic benefit; incompliance with and lack of enforcement of the current laws and legal acts.

Conservation actions

Conservation actions

Protection of known locality together with appropriate management plans are the main actions needed. National Forest Services and other regional organizations should be informed about the need of conserving old juniper trees. Improvement of the level of education and public awareness of the species along with habitat significance and distribution. At study level, more effort must be invested for better knowledge of its ecology in order to cultivate and possibly conserve it ex-situ.

Bibliography

Bibliography

Bernicchia, A. 1993. Hyphoderma etruriae sp. nov. (Corticiaceae, Basidiomycetes) from the natural reserve of Burano, Italy. Mycotaxon 46: 37-40.

Bernicchia, A. and Gorjon, S.P. 2010. Corticiaceae s.l. Fungi Europaei no.12. Edizioni Candusso.

Gorjon, S.P. and Bernicchia, A. 2013. Threats and state of conservation of aphyllophoroid fungi in the Mediterranean. Acta Mycologica 48(2): 247–255.

Karadelev, M. and Koteska, L. 2013. Hyphoderma etruriae (Meruliaceae, Basidiomycota): a rare corticioid fungus collected in Macedonia. Phytologia Balcanica 19(1): 3–5.

Karadelev, M., Rusevska, K., Kost, G. and Mitic-Kopanja, M. L. 2018. Checklist of Macrofungal Species From the Phylum Basidiomycota of the Republic of Macedonia. Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium 21(1): 23-112.