THE NATIONAL RED LIST OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Pepper pot, Salt-shaker earthstar

Myriostoma coliforme

Macedonian

Дупчеста ѕвездичка, Биберниче

Albanian

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Not evaluated Data deficient Least concern Near threatened VULNERABLE Endangered Critically endangered Extinct in the wild Extinct
NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX
Taxonomy
Assessment info
Population
Habitat and Ecology
Threats
Use and Trade
Conservation Actions
Bibliography

Taxonomy

Scientific name

Myriostoma coliforme

Authority

(Dicks.) Corda

Synonyms

Lycoperdon coliforme Dicks.

Assessment info

IUCN Red List Category and Criteria

Vulnerable D1

Date assessed

November 2020

Assessors

Rusevska, K.

Reviewers

Kost, G.

Contributors

Karadelev, M.

Tofilovska, S.

Facilitators

Miskovic, M.

Justification

The species is known from approximately twenty localities in diverse associations, but mostly in deciduous (oak-hornbeam woodland, riparian belts of willow and poplar, acacia plantations along roads, etc.) and other types of habitats (Grecian juniper associations, pastures etc), at an altitude below 1,000 m. Considering that there are new recent data on the species (2019), it is proposed for the category of Vulnerable (VU).

Population

Current population trend

Stable

Description

In N. Macedonia, the population size is stable. During field research, one to ten fruit bodies per site have been observed, which also varies dependent on the season. The number of individuals in the population is less than 100.

Habitat and Ecology

System

1 Forest
1.4 Forest – Temperate
3 Shrubland
3.4 Shrubland – Temperate

Habitat and Ecology

The species fruits in autumn, and it usually grows on leaf-litter-rich soil. The principal habitats are deciduous or mixed forests, particularly riparian poplar and willow forest along rivers, grassy road banks plus grazed grasslands or under hazel in dry hedgerows.

Consistent with the current data, in our country it is chiefly associated with deciduous trees, such as poplar, willow, oak.

Use and trade

Use and trade

There is no confirmed use and trade of this species in N. Macedonia.

Threats

Threats

The minor areas with riparian vegetation and the small size of the population in N. Macedonia, restricted to several sites. 

Habitat loss/degradation instigated by logging and wood harvesting.

Threatened by changes in land use, i.e. clearfelling of thermophilous forests, decreased grazing. Loss of sandy habitats.

Forest fires, more common due to climate change, may be another severe threat.

Conservation actions

Conservation actions

The species can be protected via prevention of riparian belt and forest degradation, and by their conservation.

This includes avoiding intensification of logging practices in autochthonous thermophilous forests and riparian belts as well as in the adjacent areas. Active prevention of forest succession and erosion is recommended. Allocating key sites for protection is proposed.

Mapping and monitoring of the species.

This is among the first 33 fungal species proposed for protection within Annex I to Bern Convention (Dahlberg & Croneborg 2003).

Bibliography

Bibliography

Dahlberg, A. and Croneborg, H. 2003. The 33 threatened fungi in Europe. Nature and Environment, No. 136. Council of Europe Publishing.

Index Fungorum Partnership. 2021. Index Fungorum. Available at: http://www.indexfungorum.org.

International Mycological Association. 2019. MycoBank database. Available at: http://www.mycobank.org/. (Accessed: 2019).

Karadelev, M. 2001. Fungi Macedonici – Fungi of Macedonia. Macedonian Mycological Society. Skopje.: 1-299.

Karadelev, M., 1999. A Preliminary Red List of Macromycetes in the Republic of Macedonia. . 1st Congress of Ecologists of the Republic of Macedonia with International Participation 5: 289-295. Ohrid, N.Macedonia.

Karadelev, M., 2000. A Preliminary red list of macrofungi in the Republic of Macedonia. . Newsletter of European Council for the Conservation of Fungi 10: 7-10.

Karadelev, M., Rusevska, K., 2013. Contribution to Macedonian Red List of Fungi. . 4th Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia with International Participation 28: 68-73. Ohrid, N. Macedonia.

Karadelev, M., Rusevska, K., Kost, G. and Mitic-Kopanja, M. L. 2018. Checklist of Macrofungal Species From the Phylum Basidiomycota of the Republic of Macedonia. Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium 21(1): 23-112.

Karadelev, M., Stojanovska, D. 2002-2003. Diversity of star-like Gasteromycetes in the Republic of Macedonia. Godišen zbornik Biologija 55/56: 29-41.