THE NATIONAL RED LIST OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Violet crown-cup

Sarcosphaera coronaria

Macedonian

Виолетова круница

Albanian

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Taxonomy
Assessment info
Population
Habitat and Ecology
Threats
Use and Trade
Conservation Actions
Bibliography

Taxonomy

Scientific name

Sarcosphaera coronaria

Authority

(Jacq.) J. Schröt.

Synonyms

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Assessment info

IUCN Red List Category and Criteria

Vulnerable D1

Date assessed

November 2020

Assessors

Karadelev, M.

Reviewers

Kost, G.

Contributors

Tofilovska, S.

Rusevska, K.

Facilitators

Miskovic, M.

Justification

Sarcosphaera coronaria is a rare species with very fragmented and isolated populations. It is known from seven localities as follows: four from the vicinity of Skopje (Vodno, Saraj, Matka), then the surroundings of Staro Nagoricane village (Kumanovo area), and from the mountains of Sar Mt (Popova Sapka) and Jakupica (Babina Rupa). The major threat is the species occurrence in tourist spots such as Vodno, Saraj and Matka in Skopje city environs, coupled with Popova Sapka ski centre in Sar Mt where the species is under strong anthropogenic impact by visitors. The total number of recorded fruiting bodies is small, amounting to approximately 50 specimens. Nonetheless, conifer forests are widely distributed in the country; thus, the expected number of specimens would be at least ten times the current number. In Europe, the fungus is redlisted in 14 countries, and it is considered a threatened species by the European Council for Conservation of Fungi. It is short-listed for inclusion in the Bern Convention by the European Council for Conservation of Fungi.

Population

Current population trend

Decreasing

Description

In N. Macedonia, the population size is minute. During the field survey, the precise data on the status of the species population size on the specified sites was determined. The species occurs individually or with a few fruitbodies on all known sites. The total number of known fruiting bodies is very small, amounting to approximately 50 specimens. Nevertheless, one should bear in mind that conifer forests are widely distributed in the country; therefore, the expected number of specimens would be at least ten times the current number.

Habitat and Ecology

System

Terrestrial|Freshwater (=Inland waters)

Habitat and Ecology

Sarcosphaera is partly hypogeous (fruiting underground) and it emerges from the ground as a whitish to cream-colored hollow ball. Saprotrophic or possibly mycorrhizal with coniferous trees, by preference on calcareous ground but also on acidic bedrock, sometimes along roads and in parks. It grows alone or (more commonly) in clusters, partially submerged in the ground; spring, summer, or fall. In N. Macedonia, it occurs in natural conifer forests of spruce and fir but also in pine plantations and parks. It is found in clusters of a few fruitbodies, primarily during springtime and summertime. It is assumed that the species is an ectomycorrhizal symbiont with conifers.

Use and trade

Use and trade

There is no confirmed use and trade of this species in N. Macedonia.

Threats

Threats

Habitat loss/degradation caused by logging, tourism/recreation, fires.
The species occurrence in tourist spots such as Vodno, Saraj and Matka in Skopje city environs, and in Popova Sapka ski centre in Sar Mt is under strong anthropogenic impact by visitors. List of Threats: 1 Residential & comm

Conservation actions

Conservation actions

Protecting of habitats and excluding forestry in coniferous woods on calcareous ground; restriction of air pollution. Research into the species biology and ecology; inclusion in the National Biodiversity Monitoring System.

Bibliography

Bibliography

A. Dahlberg, H. Croneborg. 2003. 33 threatened fungi in Europe. Complementary and revised information on candidates for listing in Appendix I of the Bern Convention . SSIC, Uppsala.

Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. 1981. Pilze der Schweiz Band 1. Ascomyceten. Verlag Mykologia, Luzern.

Fraiture, A and Otto, P (eds). 2015. Distribution, ecology & status of 51 macromycetes in Europe. Results of the ECCF Mapping Programme. Botanic Garden Meise, Meise.

Karadelev M. and Rusevska K. 2013. Contribution to the Macedonian Red List of Fungi. Proceedings of the 4th Congress of Ecologists of Macedonia with International Participation. Ohrid, 12-15 October 2012.

Karadelev M., Rusevska K, Kajevska I, Mitic-Kopanja D., 2019. Checklist of Larger Ascomycetes in the Republic of Macedonia. Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences, MASA, 40(2): 239–253.

Larsson, K.H. 1997. Rödlistadesvampar i Sverige – Artfakta. [Swedish Red Data Book of Fungi 1997]: . ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.