THE NATIONAL RED LIST OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Galium rhodopeum

Galium rhodopeum

Macedonian

Родопски еноец

Albanian

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Not evaluated Data deficient Least concern Near threatened Vulnerable ENDANGERED Critically endangered Extinct in the wild Extinct
NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX
Taxonomy
Assessment info
Population
Habitat and Ecology
Threats
Use and Trade
Conservation Actions
Bibliography

Taxonomy

Scientific name

Galium rhodopeum

Authority

Velen.

Synonyms

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Assessment info

IUCN Red List Category and Criteria

EN – Endangered, B1ab(ii,iii,v)+2ab(ii,iii,v)

Date assessed

November 2019

Assessors

Ćušterevska, R.

Reviewers

Čarni, A.

Contributors

Matevski, V.

Kostadinovski, M.

Cvetkoska, C.

Facilitators

Hofman, M.P.G.

Justification

The species Galium rhodopeum occurs in 4 locations: one location in Kozjak (Skopje), 2 locations in Krivolak (1 location is under military pressures, and 1 is without threats) and one in Bogoslovec separated from Krivolak with Bregalnica River. Because of military activities the population is under the threats for habitat quality, area of occupancy, and number of mature individuals.

According to EU and Global Red List Assessments, this species is DD.

Population

Current population trend

Decreasing

Description

The populations are generally stable, except one which is in military polygon Krivolak. The number of individuals in the population is 148.000 on area of 25.600 m2.

Habitat and Ecology

System

Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology

Galium rhodopeum is a perennial herb. In North Macedonia, it has been reported from dry stony limestone slopes mostly with southern exposition. Occasionally it occurs in the grass cover of open Quercus pubesecens and Carpinus orientalis habitats. It can also be found in rocky areas, and in the dry grasslands together with Morina persica, Polygala rhodopaea, Astragalus parnassi, etc.

Use and trade

Use and trade

Some species of the genus Galium have a long history of domestic medicinal use and is also used widely by modern herbalists (Mitova et al., 1996).

We do not have data for medical use of Galium rhodopeum in North Macedonia.

Threats

Threats

The larger part of the area (Krivolak) is intended for military use. Negative consequences of military activity are erosion and consequently degradation of vegetation, or vegetation and soil being compressed as a result of driving or walking. Another factor to be considered is fires caused by shooting. Assessment of military use therefore shows that the activities are a two-edged sword: while they have protected the area from the outside influences on the one hand, they also cause a negative impact on the landscape (e.g. erosion, compression of the vegetation and sites, fires, etc). Agriculture, which is on the rise from the lowland upwards in the Orlovo Brdo area, is causing disturbance, and another problem is presented by visitors and plant collectors who are attracted because the area is type locality (locus classicus) of endemic and rare species. Galium rhodopaeum is Balkan-Anatolian endemic species.

Conservation actions

Conservation actions

Floristic valorisation of Krivolak region was conducted on the basis of the presence of Galium rhodopeum and other species which are included in the lists of different international conventions – IUCN Red list of threatened plants (Walter & Gillet 1998), Bern Convention (1979), Habitat Directive (1991), CORINE (Devilliers et al. 1991), IPA (Matevski & Melovski 2003, Anderson et al. 2005) and others.

Matevski et al, 2008 propose six localities within the steppe region which should be given a specific status and legal protection in order to preserve the important species and habitats (Orlovo Brdo, Solena Reka, Solen Dol, Negotino-Krivolak, Serta and Bogoslovec). Constant monitoring should be introduced, at the very least in these regions. It is proposed that access to this region should be restricted and the region itself be protected.

Bibliography

Bibliography

Council of Europe. 1979. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. European Treaty Series No. 104. Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France. .p /.

Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN – The World Conservation Union. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. .p/.

Anderson, S.; Kusik, T.; Radford, E. 2005. Important plant areas in central and eastern Europe: priority sites for plant conservation Plantlife International Salisbury, U.K. 102. .p/.

Matevski, V., Čarni, A., Kostadinovski, M., Košir, P., Šilc, U. and Zelnik, I. 2008. Flora and Vegetation of the Macedonian Steppe Založba ZRC Ljubljana. .p/.

EEC. 1992. The Habitats Directive – Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992. European Economic Community. Official Journal of the European Communities. .p 7-50.

Mitova, M., Handjieva, N., Anchev, M. and Popov, S. 1996. Indoid Glucosides from Four Balkan Endemics of the Galium incurvum Group (Rubiaceae). .p 286-290.

Меловски, Љ., Матевски, В., Костадиновски, М., Караделев, М., Ангелова, Н., Ратфорд, Е., 2010. Значајни растителни подрачја во Република Македонија. .p 1-128.