THE NATIONAL RED LIST OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Devil’s urn

Urnula craterium

Macedonian

Црна урничка, вражја јама

Albanian

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Taxonomy
Assessment info
Population
Habitat and Ecology
Threats
Use and Trade
Conservation Actions
Bibliography

Taxonomy

Scientific name

Urnula craterium

Authority

(Schwein.) Fr.

Synonyms

Peziza craterium Schwein.

Cenangium craterium (Schwein.) Fr.

Geopyxis craterium (Schwein.) Rehm

Sarcoscypha craterium (Schwein.) Bánhegyi

Assessment info

IUCN Red List Category and Criteria

Vulnerable D1

Date assessed

November 2020

Assessors

Karadelev, M.

Reviewers

Kost, G.

Contributors

Rusevska, K.

Facilitators

Miskovic, M.

Justification

Urnula craterium is a rare species, recorded only in Vodno Mt. It has been found on fallen branches of hazel, in springtime, in April. The number of observed individuals is about 30 but this figure is guesstimated to be multiple times higher than the current one. The species is a saprobe, occurring in deciduous forests, and due to scarce study of spring species, the anticipated number of sites and specimens would be manifold. Vodno site is under heavy anthropogenic pressure down to enormous attendance by visitors due to its proximity to the capital. The species is red-listed in almost all European countries.

Population

Current population trend

Stable

Description

In N. Macedonia, the population size is minute. During the field survey, the precise data on the status of the species population size on the specified site was determined. It has been collected on one location, and the number of individuals is approximately 30. The species occurs in deciduous forests; thus, the predicted number of sites and specimens would be manifold.

Habitat and Ecology

System

1 Forest
1.4 Forest – Temperate

Habitat and Ecology

Urnula craterium is saprotrophic fungus that decomposes hardwoods. It grows singly or clustered together, usually attached to sticks and branches of Corylus, Carpinus and Ulmus. The anamorph state is parasitic and causes cancer of various hardwoods. In N. Macedonia, it has been reported only from Vodno Mt, where it was found during springtime, in April, on fallen branches of Corylus avellana, in mixed deciduous woodland of Quercus spp., Corylus avellana and Carpinus orientalis.

Use and trade

Use and trade

There is no confirmed use and trade of this species in N. Macedonia.

Threats

Threats

Urnula craterium is a rare species, its only observation being in Vodno Mt, which is under heavy anthropogenic pressure as a result of the huge number of visitors attributable to its proximity to the capital. Fires during summer period pose a severe threat.

Conservation actions

Conservation actions

Study of the population numbers and range; better understanding of the species biologyand ecology; conservation of the habitats; regular monitoring.

Bibliography

Bibliography

Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. 1981. Pilze der Schweiz Band 1. Ascomyceten. Verlag Mykologia, Luzern.

Dennis, R.W.G. 1981. British Ascomycetes. J. Cramer in der A. R. Gantner Verlag, Cramer, Vaduz.

Hansen, L. and Knudsen, H. 2000. Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen.

Karadelev M., Rusevska K, Kajevska I, Mitic-Kopanja D., 2019. Checklist of Larger Ascomycetes in the Republic of Macedonia. Section of Natural, Mathematical and Biotechnical Sciences, MASA, 40(2): 239–253.

Medardi, G. 2006. Ascomiceti d’Italia Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d’Italia.
AMB Centro Studi Micologici, Trento.